Does the patient present high illness severity and low cardiac output as evidenced by:

  • Imminent risk of cardiac arrest
  • Refractory respiratory failure
  • End organ dysfunction:
    • Renal (low urine output)
    • Liver (transaminitis, hypoglycaemia, coagulopathy)
    • CNS (depressed mental state)
  • Elevated lactate and rapid rise, metabolic acidosis, wide AV-O2 difference (>30%)
  • Low blood pressure despite vasoactive agents, tachycardia, elevated filling pressures